مجله دانش و پژوهش علوم دامی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 21، پاییز 1394)

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different ideal amino acid ratios on immune response and blood profile of male and female broiler chicks during finisher period. Experimental period began at day 1 and lasted in 14 d of age. A total of 840 male and female broiler chicks were equally distributed to 14 dietary treatments with 15 birds per pen and 4 pens per treatment. They were housed in a factorial arrangement of main factors (amino acid ratios and sex) in a completely randomized design. AA requirements were estimated by using digestible Lys requirement, and different ideal AA ratios including IICP, CVB, Feedstuff, NRC, ROSS and RPAN. Feedstuff produced the highest antibody titer and Arian created lowest antibody titer. The effect of sex on some blood parameters was significant, so that levels of uric acid and creatinine in the blood showed significant differences in both sex. The effect of different ideal amino acids ratios on the amount of uric acid and urea nitrogen ideal was significant. When comparisons were made among chicks fed diets formulated with different ideal amino acid ratios, the most significant improvements were observed by Feedstuff ratios in the starter period.

An experiment to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E on broiler performance under heat stress in age from 1 day to 41 days of life was gay. Chicks transferred in 4floors cages randomly and were kept in heat stress condition (temperature 32 ° C) for starter, growth and final periods. For this purpose, three types of dietary recommendations based on the needs of the directories in the Ross 308 strain was prepared in 2013. The basal diets with added vitamin C and E, 4 dietary treatments include:1. The basal diet, 2. Basal diet + 0.25 Vitamin E, 3. Basal diet + 0.2% Vitamin C and 4. Basal diet + 0.25% Vitamin E + 0.2% of vitamin C Was obtained. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment that generally of 16 cages and each cage of 5 chicks and a total of 80 male chicks were used. Testing was conducted in a completely randomized design. During the day the birds were exposed for 7 hours under heat stress. Traits measured in this experiment included the average feed intake, average weight gain, average feed conversion rate for each period and the period.At 41 days of each experimental unit 2 broilers slaughtered and carcass and its components (including thighs, chest, skull, wings, abdominal fat, heart, gizzard and liver) were examined and also at the age of 32 days per kilogram of body weight in 1 ml SRBC injection and after a week was titrated. The results showed that the differences in feed intake between treatments during the starter, grower, finisher was not statistically significant, but the entire period was significant. In the initial period the mean weight gain was significantly different among treatments, but at other stages of the period was not significant. In regard to the FCR was significant difference between treatments in the initial period, But not significant in the other stages of the period, Effect of different treatments on the mean percentage of carcass and its components such as chest showed no significant difference. In addition, in SRBC titration experiments were observed no significant differences among treatments, But in the experiments of antioxidant enzymes were significant differences between treatments. Based on the results obtained from the use of vitamin E and C in the diet of broilers under heat stress are appropriate and recommended at the level of 0.25 (vitamin E) and 0.2 (vitamin C) percent.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Protexin probiotic and aquablend antibody on the intestinal histology characteristics of broilers. In this experiment 320 day-old male broiler chicks of the Ross 308, with 5 treatments and 4 replications in a completely randomized design were distributed in experimental units (cages). The treatments include: control (C), Protexin(P1), Protexin(P2) with double there commended dose, Aquablend(A1) and Aquablend(A2) Aquablend twice there commended amount. The results showed that consumption of different dose of Protexin probiotic and aquablend antibody had significant effect on width of duodenal villus, height of epithelial tissue of the duodenum, depth of jejunum crypt, length of ileal villus, height of the ileum epithelial tissue and length of villus to depth of duodenal crypt of broilers(p<0.05). According to results of this research, it seems that the using of Protexin probiotic and aquablend antibody was effective in improving performanceof broilers.

This research was conducted to study the effect of urea-molasses block (UMB) supplementation, as a portion of concentrate ration, on the blood, urine and feces parameters of lactating cow. 12 multiparous Holstein cows at 66±31.54 days in milk with daily milk yield of 36.75±5.15 kg were allocated. In a Latin square based (change over) design with 4 treatments including; 0.0, 500, 1000 and 1500 g UMB/d/animal. . The treatments were tested during four experimental periods . each with 14 days adaptation and 10 days data collection.UMB blocks contained 40, 38, 10, 7, 3 and 2 percent beet molasses, wheat bran, calcium carbonate, bentonite and salt, respectively. Feed intake, in a 3 time sampling pattern throughout the sampling period, some blood metabolites 6h after feeding in the final day of each period, pH in blood and urine as well as in feces were measured. Results showed that dry matter intake were significantly (p<0.05) increased when the animals received UMB. The blood pH and blood urea nitrogen were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatments but glucose and albumin were not varied among the treatments. Utilization of UMB did not affect the urine pH but the fecal pH was significantly affected by the treatments.

In order to evaluate the effect of kombucha (borage, Citrus, thyme and valerian leaves) on Cobb strain broilers concentration of %10, %20and % 30of liquid were used for 42 days. All chickens in the breeding period received the same Diets. 304 newly hatched chicken Cop strains of both sexes with four treatments and four replications; each plot contains nineteen chickens that were growing with pure water and the kombucha. At the end of the period of breeding, growth and the final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and mortality were determined at 35 days old. Blood and Newcastle vaccine were inserted 42 days old. The chickens were bleeding at day 35 for Newcastle disease. 2 ml blood samples were collected from the wing vein of the chickens. Sample into the test tubes coated with anti EDTA blood Coagulation. The samples were in room temperature and then centrifuged at 5000 rpm and serum was separated. Samples are immediately transferred to the laboratory and the total number of white blood cells and antibody titer against the antigen were measured. The analysis of the experiment carried out with MSTATC. The averages were compared by Duncan test. %10 decreased feed conversion ratio in the total period of the experiment compare to the control. Kombucha of %10 had more weight gain of chickens in compare with 20 and %30. Different levels of kombucha on feed in take had no effect on weight gain of chickens. Different levels of kombucha increased the total number of white blood cells in compare to the control groups.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing different levels of alfalfa hay with forage cactus in the diet on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. A basal experimental diet was formulated with 50% barley grain, 40% alfalfa hay and 10% wheat straw. Different levels (20, 40 or 60%) of alfalfa hay in the basal diet were replaced with forage cactus. Twenty Torki-Qashqai ram lambs (180±30 d and 27±2 kg) were randomly assigned to the experimental treatments (5 lambs per treatment). The lambs had free access to feed and water in individual cages. Body weight change, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined for an experimental period of 70 days. At the end of the experiment, the lambs were slaughtered and carcass characteristics (percentage of warm and cold carcass, meat, fat and bone as well as back fat thickness and Longissimus dorsi muscle area) were measure. Increasing levels of forage cactus in the diet caused a numerically decrease in body weight gain. The feed conversion ratio was also increased by increasing replacement of alfalfa with forage cactus. However, no significant differences were observed among experimental treatments for daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The experimental treatments had no significant effect on the carcass characteristics of lambs. The findings suggested that the forage cactus can be use to replace over than on half alfalfa hay in feedlot diet without any significant negative effects on performance and carcass characteristics.